| Biomaterials play a key role in the medical devices and
implants used for diagnostic: or therapeutic: purposes. Among
these, the ceramic: materials, though not occupying the leading
role like polymers, are vital for hard tissue implants. The use
of ceramics is particularly essential for artificial joints like the
hip, which are load bearing. The replacement and reconstruction
of a segment of diseased or damaged bone also calls for
the use of bioc:eramic:s.
This review covers the application of ceramics in the human
body, outlining the specific: requirements that caD for the
use of bioinert alumina, zirconia and the hioac:tive c:alc:ium
phosphates. The effect of ceramic: c.-oatings on metallic: implant.~,
to promote hone ingrowth and bonding for effective
l~d transfer, is presented. The current applications and potentials
of carbon coatings, fibres and composites are outlined.
The emerging area of tissue engineering that aims at creating
conditions for promotion of natural tissues is expected to
alter the future scenario of biomaterials inc:luding c:eramic:s. In
this era of biological revolution, the design of functional materials
based on molecular engineering may even do away with
the use of current synthetic materiaL~. |
